What is Bronchitis?
Bronchitis is a common respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. This inflammation results in coughing, mucus production, and difficulty breathing. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic, depending on its duration and frequency.
Causes of Bronchitis
Most cases of bronchitis are caused by viral infections, similar to the common cold or flu. However, exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, pollution, dust, and chemical fumes can also trigger bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis often develops as a result of long-term exposure to these irritants, especially smoking.
Symptoms to Watch For
Common symptoms of bronchitis include:
- Persistent cough that produces mucus (sputum)
- Wheezing or shortness of breath
- Chest discomfort or tightness
- Fatigue and mild fever
Acute bronchitis typically lasts a few weeks, whereas chronic bronchitis may persist for months and often recurs.
Diagnosing Bronchitis
Diagnosis is usually based on your medical history and physical examination. Your doctor may listen to your lungs with a stethoscope and recommend tests like chest X-rays or sputum analysis to rule out other conditions such as pneumonia.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on whether bronchitis is acute or chronic:
- Acute Bronchitis: Usually resolves on its own. Supportive care includes rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Avoiding smoke and irritants is essential.
- Chronic Bronchitis: May require medications such as bronchodilators, steroids, or antibiotics if bacterial infection is suspected. Pulmonary rehabilitation and lifestyle changes like quitting smoking are crucial.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- High fever or fever lasting more than three days
- Difficulty breathing or chest pain
- Cough that lasts more than three weeks
- Blood in sputum
Preventing Bronchitis
To reduce your risk, avoid smoking, minimize exposure to irritants, wash hands frequently, and get vaccinated against flu and pneumonia.
